Basic at-home care for pets is important to create a happy, healthy environment for your pet. While it brings numerous benefits, there are also common challenges associated with providing care at home. In this blog post, we will explore some of the most common challenges encountered with at-home care and provide practical tips on how to overcome them. By addressing these challenges head-on, you can ensure a successful and positive experience for both you and your furry companion.
Consistency and routine are vital for pets' well-being, but it can be challenging to establish and maintain them at home. To overcome this challenge, create a consistent schedule for feeding, exercise, playtime, and other activities. Stick to regular meal times and ensure your pet gets daily exercise and mental stimulation. Consistency and routine will provide a sense of stability and security for your pet.
Pets may experience separation anxiety when their owners leave the house. This can lead to destructive behavior, excessive barking, or distress. To help your pet overcome separation anxiety, gradually introduce them to being alone for short periods, and gradually increase the duration over time. Provide them with engaging toys, interactive puzzles, and a comfortable space to relax in your absence. Some dogs enjoy their crate and consider it a safe haven, while other dogs cannot be crate trained. Test the crate with your dog while you’re home before leaving them for long periods of time to see if they are comfortable and relaxed or if it causes more stress for them. You can also consider using calming aids, such as pheromone diffusers or music designed for relaxation.
Pets need mental stimulation to prevent boredom and behavioral issues. At-home care can sometimes lack the variety and novelty that outdoor environments offer. To overcome this challenge, provide enrichment activities such as puzzle toys, treat-dispensing toys, and interactive games. Rotate toys regularly to keep them interesting, and consider creating a designated play area or introducing new scents and textures to stimulate their senses. Be aware if your pet is an intensive chewer and do not provide your pet with toys that are easily destructible if so.
Pets' needs change over time, requiring adjustments to their care routines. Aging pets may develop health conditions or require special diets, while young pets may have different exercise and training requirements. Stay attuned to your pet's changing needs and be willing to adapt your at-home care accordingly. Regularly consult with your veterinarian for guidance on nutrition, exercise, and any specific needs related to your pet's age and health.
There will be instances where professional guidance is necessary. It's important to know when to seek expert advice or medical attention. Develop a relationship with a trusted veterinarian and communicate regularly with them. They can provide guidance on preventive care, behavior issues, and any health concerns that require in-person examination or specialized treatment.
Overcoming challenges with at-home care requires proactive planning, consistency, and a willingness to adapt. By maintaining a routine, managing separation anxiety, providing mental stimulation, and seeking professional guidance when needed, you can ensure a successful at-home care experience for your pet. Remember, at-home care is not a substitute for professional veterinary care, and regular check-ups with a veterinarian are essential for maintaining your pet's overall health and well-being.
]]>Nasal stenosis is a medical condition that affects our loyal canine companions. However, like many health topics, there can be a lot of misinformation and misconceptions surrounding it. In this blog, we will take a closer look at nasal stenosis in dogs, separate fact from fiction, and gain a better understanding of this condition.
Fiction: Nasal stenosis is just a fancy term for a stuffy nose.
Nasal stenosis is far from a simple stuffy nose in dogs. It is a medical condition characterized by the narrowing of the nasal passages in our four-legged friends. This narrowing can lead to significant breathing difficulties, chronic congestion, and various other symptoms. It is also a significant risk factor for heat stroke. Dogs with nasal stenosis should avoid the heat especially for long periods of time as heat stroke can be life threatening It's a legitimate health concern that requires proper diagnosis and, in some cases, treatment.
Fiction: Nasal stenosis only affects specific breeds; my dog is safe.
Dogs of various breeds can develop nasal stenosis. While certain breeds, like brachycephalic dogs (those with short noses), are more prone to this condition due to their unique nasal anatomy, it can affect dogs of all shapes and sizes. It's essential to be aware of the potential risk, regardless of your dog's breed.
Fiction: Nasal stenosis in dogs is always caused by allergies.
While allergies can contribute to nasal congestion and discomfort in dogs, they are not the sole cause of nasal stenosis. This condition can have various underlying causes in our furry friends, including:
Identifying the specific cause is crucial for effective treatment.
Fiction: If a dog has nasal stenosis, they'll always have severe symptoms.
The severity of nasal stenosis can vary widely from dog to dog. Some dogs may experience mild symptoms, such as occasional congestion or sniffling, while others may struggle with severe breathing difficulties. The intensity of symptoms depends on factors like the degree of narrowing in the nasal passages and the presence of any complicating factors.
Fiction: Nasal stenosis in dogs is untreatable.
Nasal stenosis in dogs is not a hopeless condition. There are treatment options available, ranging from conservative approaches like medications and nasal dilators to surgical interventions such as rhinoplasty. The choice of treatment depends on the individual dog's specific circumstances and the underlying cause of the stenosis.
When They Need Rhinoplasty: Treatment Options
Not all cases require surgical intervention. However, there are situations where rhinoplasty, or surgery to correct the nasal passages, becomes necessary:
A rhinoplasty sounds complex, but it is a rather simple procedure of opening the nares and can be done at the same time as your dog is under anesthesia for their spay or neuter. Depending on your location, a rhinoplasty can range from $500 to $1,500. Many other abnormalities can come along with nasal stenosis such as an elongated soft palate that may require surgery and add to the cost.
Understanding nasal stenosis in dogs involves separating myths from facts, recognizing the risk factors, and knowing when to consider rhinoplasty as a treatment option. Your dog's health and well-being are paramount, and by staying informed, you can provide the best care possible for your furry friend. If you suspect your dog may be suffering from nasal stenosis, consult with a veterinarian to explore appropriate diagnosis and treatment options.
]]>As pet owners, we want to provide the best possible care for our furry companions, especially during health emergencies. In some cases, at-home care can be sufficient, while in others, seeking in-person care is crucial. But how do you determine the best course of action? In this blog post, we will explore the differences between at-home care and when to seek in-person care during pet health emergencies. Understanding these distinctions will help you make informed decisions and ensure your pet receives the appropriate care when it matters most.
The first step in deciding between at-home care and seeking in-person care is assessing the severity of the emergency. Minor incidents such as superficial wounds, mild diarrhea, or non-life-threatening allergies can often be managed at home with proper care and monitoring. However, severe symptoms like difficulty breathing, severe bleeding, ingestion of toxins, or acute trauma require immediate veterinary attention.
For minor emergencies, at-home care can be effective and save you a trip to the veterinarian. Keep a pet first aid kit stocked with essentials such as bandages and antiseptic solutions. This allows you to provide immediate aid before seeking further professional help. Remember to closely monitor your pet's condition and contact your veterinarian if the symptoms worsen or persist.
Certain red flags indicate the need for immediate in-person veterinary care. These include but are not limited to:
If your pet exhibits any of these symptoms, do not hesitate to seek veterinary care right away. Time is of the essence in these situations, and prompt medical attention can be life-saving.
When in doubt, always consult a veterinary professional for guidance. Many veterinarians offer telephonic or video consultations, allowing you to seek their advice without leaving your home. Some even have an app or website where you can submit photos to get feedback. They can help assess the situation, provide guidance on at-home care for minor emergencies, or advise you on when to seek in-person care for more serious cases. Utilize their expertise and follow their recommendations for the best outcome.
In situations that require in-person care, it's important to be prepared. Keep a list of emergency veterinary clinics and their contact information readily available. Familiarize yourself with their operating hours and protocols. In critical emergencies, call ahead to alert the clinic and provide them with essential information about your pet's condition. If you have a binder with their records and past history, take that with you when you go to the the emergency clinic. This allows them to prepare for your arrival and provide prompt and efficient care.
After providing at-home care or receiving in-person care for a pet health emergency, it's crucial to follow up with veterinary care as recommended. Even if the situation seems resolved, certain conditions may require further monitoring or treatment. Regular check-ups and follow-up appointments ensure your pet's complete recovery and help identify any underlying issues that may have contributed to the emergency.
When faced with a pet health emergency, it's important to carefully assess the severity of the situation and determine the appropriate level of care. At-home care can be effective for minor emergencies, while in-person care is essential for severe or life-threatening cases. Consulting a veterinary professional and being prepared for in-person care are crucial steps in providing the best possible care for your pet. When in doubt about the severity of a problem, always seek veterinary guidance by calling your veterinarian or reaching out to an emergency veterinary clinic!
]]>Regular check-ups are crucial for maintaining the health and well-being of our beloved pets. However, scheduling and attending in-person veterinary appointments can sometimes be challenging for pet owners. This is where at-home care comes into play, offering a convenient and effective solution. In this blog post, we will highlight the importance of regular pet check-ups and explore how at-home care can help pet owners in ensuring their furry companions receive the necessary care and attention they deserve.
Regular check-ups allow veterinarians to thoroughly examine your pet and detect any underlying health issues early on. During these appointments, veterinarians assess your pet's overall health, conduct physical examinations, and perform diagnostic tests as needed. By identifying potential problems in their early stages, treatment options can be explored, leading to more successful outcomes.
Preventive care is a cornerstone of pet health, and regular check-ups play a vital role in ensuring that your pet is up to date on vaccinations, parasite prevention, and overall wellness. Veterinarians can discuss the appropriate vaccination schedule based on your pet's age, lifestyle, and regional disease risks. They can also provide guidance on preventive measures for common ailments, such as heartworm, fleas, ticks, and dental diseases. The frequency of preventive care depends on the pet’s age, history, and breed risk factors. Frequency of visits is important to discuss with your veterinarian so they can tailor a plan for your pet!
Every pet is unique, and regular check-ups allow veterinarians to develop individualized treatment plans tailored to your pet's specific needs. Whether it's managing chronic conditions, addressing behavioral concerns, or providing nutritional guidance, regular check-ups provide an opportunity to discuss your pet's health and well-being comprehensively. Veterinarians can offer personalized advice and recommendations to optimize your pet's quality of life.
Pets age faster than humans, making regular check-ups crucial for monitoring their overall health and detecting age-related issues. Through regular examinations, veterinarians can track changes in your pet's weight, mobility, dental health, and organ function. This allows for early intervention, management of chronic conditions, and adjustments to their care routine as they age.
At-home care offers a convenient alternative to in-person vet visits, reducing the stress associated with transporting your pet to a clinic. Through telehealth consultations, you can discuss your pet's health concerns, share images or videos of symptoms, and receive professional guidance from licensed veterinarians. At-home care appointments are especially beneficial for routine follow-ups, medication management, behavioral consultations, and nutritional advice.
At-home care and regular in-person check-ups can work hand in hand, providing a comprehensive approach to your pet's health. While at-home care offers convenience and accessibility, it's important to note that certain aspects of veterinary care, such as diagnostic tests, surgical procedures, or emergencies, require in-person visits. Collaborating with your veterinarian allows for a balanced and tailored care plan that addresses all aspects of your pet's health.
Regular check-ups are essential for maintaining the well-being of your pet. Through early detection of health issues, preventive care, individualized treatment plans, and ongoing monitoring, regular check-ups set the foundation for a healthy and happy pet. At-home care complements in-person visits, offering convenience and reducing stress for routine consultations. Remember, at-home care is not a substitute for comprehensive veterinary care, and regular check-ups with a qualified veterinarian are essential for your pet's long-term health. Embrace the convenience of at-home care while prioritizing the well-being of your furry companion!
]]>As our beloved furry companions enter their golden years, it becomes even more crucial to prioritize their health and well-being. Just like humans, senior pets may require extra attention and care to ensure they maintain a high quality of life as they age much faster. Fortunately, advances in technology have made it easier than ever to keep a watchful eye on our aging companions. In this blog post, we will explore the benefits of using at-home monitoring for senior pets and how it can contribute to their overall health and happiness.
As our pets age, their health needs may change, and they may become more susceptible to certain conditions. At-home monitoring allows pet owners to proactively track their senior pet's vital signs, behavior, and activity levels, enabling early detection of potential health issues. This proactive approach can lead to quicker intervention and improved outcomes for our furry friends.
Keeping Tabs on Mobility and Exercise
Activity trackers designed specifically for pets are invaluable tools for monitoring senior pets' activity levels. These devices, typically attached to the collar, record and analyze your pet's movements, sleep patterns, and calories burned. By tracking their activity, you can identify any significant changes that may indicate a decline in health, such as decreased mobility or excessive restlessness.
Peace of Mind When You're Away
Installing pet cameras in your home provides a real-time view of your senior pet's activities when you're not there. These cameras often come equipped with motion detection and two-way audio features, allowing you to interact with your pet and observe their behavior. Monitoring their eating, drinking, and signs of distress remotely ensures that they are comfortable and safe, even in your absence.
Creating a Safe Haven
Extreme temperatures can be especially challenging for senior pets. Temperature and environmental monitors help maintain a comfortable living environment by alerting you if the temperature rises or falls outside of a safe range. This enables you to adjust heating or cooling systems accordingly, ensuring your furry friend remains cozy and content. Keep in mind that our pets tend to have a higher body temperature than humans so high heat can effect them much faster. There are many thermometers for pets if you would like to make sure they are keeping their body temperature within a normal range during high activity or high temperature times of the year.
A Glimpse into Vital Signs
Several devices available today enable you to monitor your senior pet's health from the comfort of your home. Digital scales help you track their weight, a crucial indicator of overall health. Senior pets can often loose weight rapidly from certain conditions. Their weight is one of the most valuable numbers to track and doing so is very simple.
Home blood pressure monitors, glucose meters for diabetic pets, and pulse oximeters provide valuable insights into their well-being. Regular monitoring of these vital signs allows for early detection of potential health issues and timely veterinary intervention. (Home blood pressure monitors and pulse oximeters can be difficult to read as movement and fur can interfere with these readings. If you would like to purchase a monitoring system, reach out to your veterinarian for advice and schedule an appointment to allow them to walk you through the process of taking their vital signs.)
Customized and Consistent Nutrition
Senior pets may have specific dietary needs, and maintaining a consistent feeding routine is crucial. Smart feeding systems can be programmed to dispense meals at specific times and quantities, ensuring your pet receives their food promptly and in the right proportions. These automated feeders are particularly useful for pet owners who may have mobility challenges or busy schedules. In addition, there are pet water fountains that can help encourage our pets to drink water, especially senior cats.
Quick Answers from a Reliable Source
Ask your veterinarian about the best way to monitor your pet in between visits. Some veterinarians have technology that allows you to send in pictures and videos, and receive advice quickly as to whether or not your pet needs to be seen or provide at home tips to help with the problem. Searching for symptoms on the web can be dangerous and lead you down the wrong path. It is important to receive your information from a reliable source that is approved by your veterinarian!
As our furry companions age, they deserve the utmost care and attention. At-home monitoring for senior pets offers pet owners a powerful toolkit to enhance their well-being. From activity trackers to remote cameras, temperature monitors to health monitoring devices, the advancements in technology enable us to provide a proactive approach to senior pet care. By utilizing these at-home monitoring solutions, we can detect early signs of health issues, intervene promptly, and improve the overall quality of life for our beloved senior pets. Embrace the power of at-home monitoring and ensure your senior pet enjoys their golden years to the fullest!
]]>Immediate Access to Veterinary Care:
On-demand care services provide pet owners with immediate access to veterinary professionals. Whether it's during evenings, weekends, or emergencies, you can connect with a veterinarian without waiting for an appointment or clinic hours. This ensures prompt attention to your pet's health concerns and can be particularly beneficial in urgent situations.
Reduced Stress for Pets and Owners:
Visiting a veterinary clinic can be stressful for both pets and their owners. Pets may feel anxious due to unfamiliar environments and the presence of other animals. On-demand care allows your pet to receive veterinary attention in the comfort of their own home, reducing their stress levels. Additionally, as a pet owner, you can avoid the hassle of transportation and waiting room experiences, making the process more convenient and less stressful for you as well.
Convenience and Time Savings:
On-demand care services offer unparalleled convenience. Instead of adhering to clinic hours and scheduling appointments, you can access veterinary care at a time that suits you best. This is especially beneficial for busy pet owners who have limited availability during regular clinic hours. On-demand care eliminates the need for travel, saving you valuable time and providing flexibility in managing your pet's healthcare.
Expert Guidance and Second Opinions:
On-demand care services often provide access to a network of veterinary professionals with diverse expertise. This allows you to seek expert guidance and second opinions from different veterinarians, ensuring your pet receives the best possible care. Whether you have questions about a diagnosis, treatment plan, or general pet health concerns, you can tap into the knowledge of experienced veterinarians.
Cost-Effective Alternative:
In some cases, on-demand care can be a cost-effective alternative to traditional in-person veterinary visits. Depending on the service, on-demand consultations may have lower fees than traditional office visits. Additionally, by promptly addressing minor concerns or seeking advice remotely, you can potentially prevent more significant health issues that might require expensive treatments or procedures in the future.
Continuous Monitoring and Follow-up Care:
On-demand care services often provide tools for continuous monitoring and follow-up care. With remote monitoring and communication platforms, you can update veterinarians on your pet's progress, receive guidance on ongoing treatment, and make informed decisions about their health. This proactive approach ensures that your pet's healthcare remains consistent and tailored to their specific needs.
On-demand care services have revolutionized pet healthcare, offering immediate access to veterinary professionals, reduced stress for pets and owners, and unparalleled convenience. By utilizing these services, pet owners can promptly address health concerns, seek expert guidance, and save valuable time. On-demand care provides a cost-effective alternative to traditional visits while ensuring that your furry companion receives the best possible care. Embrace the benefits of on-demand care and prioritize your pet's health with ease and convenience.
]]>Understanding On-Demand Care for Pet Behavioral Issues
On-demand care services typically offer veterinary consultations, but some platforms also provide access to veterinary behaviorists or certified animal behaviorists. These professionals specialize in understanding and addressing pet behavioral issues. On-demand care for behavioral issues often involves remote consultations, where pet owners can discuss their concerns and receive guidance on managing and modifying their pet's behavior.
Initial Evaluation and Behavioral Assessments
On-demand care for pet behavioral issues usually begins with an initial evaluation and behavioral assessment. During this consultation, you can describe your pet's behavior, triggers, and any specific concerns you have. The behaviorist will ask questions, observe your pet's behavior remotely, and provide insights into the underlying causes and potential solutions for the behavioral issues. If this behavior doesn’t happen frequently, it can help to share a video with the veterinarian that you have previously recorded.
Behavior Modification Techniques
One of the main benefits of on-demand care for behavioral issues is the access to behavior modification techniques. The behaviorist can recommend specific strategies and techniques to address and modify your pet's behavior. These may include:
The behaviorist can guide you on implementing these techniques effectively and provide ongoing support as needed.
Medication Options
There are many different medication options that veterinarians can reach for in the event that a behavioral issue needs medication. The main behavioral problem that medications are used for is anxiety. Some on-demand veterinarians can prescribe medications and some cannot. If medications are required, you may have to visit for a follow-up appointment in person at a clinic.
Remote Support and Follow-Up Consultations
On-demand care platforms often offer remote support and follow-up consultations to monitor your pet's progress and address any challenges you may encounter during the behavior modification process. These consultations allow you to discuss your pet's response to the recommended techniques, ask questions, and receive guidance on refining the approach if necessary. The behaviorist can also provide additional resources, educational materials, and referrals for in-person behavioral consultations if required.
Limitations of On-Demand Care for Behavioral Issues
While on-demand care can be a valuable resource for addressing certain pet behavioral issues, it does have its limitations. Some complex or severe behavioral issues may require more extensive in-person assessments, observations, or hands-on training. In these cases, the behaviorist may recommend seeking the assistance of a local behavior professional who can provide personalized in-home consultations or group training sessions. On-demand care for behavioral issues is most effective for mild to moderate concerns and as a starting point for behavior modification.
Collaborative Approach to Behavioral Care
For comprehensive care, a collaborative approach between on-demand care and in-person behavioral professionals can be beneficial. The behaviorist can work in coordination with your local behavior professional or your regular veterinarian to ensure a cohesive and integrated approach to your pet's behavioral well-being. This collaboration allows for a comprehensive understanding of your pet's behavior, individualized treatment plans, and ongoing support.
On-demand care can be a useful resource for addressing pet behavioral issues, providing access to behaviorists and remote consultations. It offers guidance, behavior modification techniques, and ongoing support for mild to moderate behavioral concerns. However, it's important to recognize the limitations of on-demand care and seek in-person assistance when necessary for complex or severe behavioral issues. By taking advantage of on-demand care and collaborating with behavioral professionals, you can address and improve your pet's behavioral well-being, fostering a harmonious and enjoyable relationship!
]]>During the telehealth appointment, the veterinarian may also ask you to perform certain tasks, such as feeling for your dog's ribs or looking at their waistline, to help determine if your dog is overweight.
Being prepared for your virtual vet visit can help make the appointment as beneficial to you and your fur baby as possible!
]]>It's important to note that there are some situations where tele vet is not appropriate, such as emergencies or serious health issues that require immediate attention. In these cases, it's best to seek in-person veterinary care as soon as possible!
]]>It's important to note that virtual vet services may not be suitable for all health issues. If your pet is experiencing a medical emergency or requires a physical examination, an in-person veterinary visit may be necessary. However, for many common health issues, virtual vet services can be a convenient and effective option for pet owners.
]]>It's important to note that virtual vet services may not be suitable for all health issues. If your pet is experiencing a medical emergency or requires a physical examination, an in-person veterinary visit may be necessary. However, for many common health issues, virtual vet services can be a convenient and effective option for pet owners.
]]>Have you ever felt that your dog suddenly has what looks like a welt on their skin? Maybe they just won’t stop scratching or licking a certain area. Dogs can sometimes get hot spots, also known as acute moist dermatitis. These are typically well-demarcated lesions on the skin that appear very red and inflamed. While they can be found almost anywhere on the body, they are commonly found on the neck. They are often very painful and itchy for dogs and will become infected if left untreated.
Most owners who have long haired dogs or dogs with lots of skin folds (and swimmers!), are very familiar with this issue. Whether it be from something as simple as the dog's hygiene or even an underlying medical condition, they can be easily treated.
Let’s dive a little deeper into the signs, causes and treatment of hot spots!
You may feel that an area of inflamed skin appeared out of nowhere and is progressively getting larger. Sometimes the fur may be matted over the area, so it is not the most obvious thing. But is this a hot spot or something else?
So you know exactly what to look for, here are the most common signs:
Hot spots are often caused by a combination of factors:
Preventing hot spots goes hand-in-hand with basic dog ownership and care. This requires a combination of measures that address potential triggers. Some of the most effective ways to prevent hot spots in dogs include:
If your dog develops a hot spot, it is important to seek veterinary care as soon as possible. Your veterinarian may recommend different topical treatment options and/or oral medications, based on whats right for your pet. Not every treatment is going to work for every dog and situation. Taking photos and keeping track of your dogs improvement is also both very helpful for you and your veterinarian.
The first step for treatment is usually to do a deep cleaning of the area. The veterinarian will shave and clean the affected area with a mild antiseptic solution apply a topical cream or spray. This procedure may need sedation depending on the severity of pain.
Your veterinarian may also prescribe oral antibiotics to treat any underlying bacterial infections. Steroids or anti-inflammatories be prescribed to reduce inflammation and to reduce pain. Your veterinarian may recommend using a cone or a t-shirt, depending on location. This prevents your dog from accessing the hot spot. Further irritation of the area will prevent proper healing. Keep your dog's environment clean and dry to prevent further irritation or infection.
Hot spots can be a painful and uncomfortable condition for dogs. With early prevention and treatment, most dogs can recover quickly and avoid complications. Take proactive steps to prevent hot spots and provide prompt treatment. If they do occur, you can help to ensure that your dog stays healthy, happy, and comfortable!
Wondering if your pup has a hot spot? Use the DIG Labs Health Check to assess your dog’s skin! The rapid skin scan will help you monitor your dog’s baseline skin health, while also helping you to determine if and when to take action for your dog’s skin health.
]]>Ringworm (dermatophytosis) is a fungal infection that affects humans and animals, including dogs. It is caused by a group of fungi known as dermatophytes, which thrive in warm, moist environments. Ringworm in dogs is highly contagious and can spread to other dogs, pets, and even humans. You should take immediate action and seek veterinary care if you believe your dog may have ringworm.
Symptoms
Ringworm in dogs typically appears as circular, raised, and reddish lesions on the skin. These lesions can be itchy, scaly, and sometimes have a crusty appearance. Hair loss may occur in and around the lesion, giving it a ring-like appearance. The affected area may also be tender to the touch. Please avoid contact with the infected area to prevent getting ringworm yourself.
While ringworm can occur anywhere on a dog's body, it is usually found on the head, ears, paws, and tail. In some cases, many lesions may be present. Ringworm can also infect the nails, causing them to become thickened, brittle, and discolored.
Causes
Ringworm in dogs is caused by several different species of fungi. Some examples include:
These fungi live in soil, on surfaces such as carpets, bedding, and grooming tools. They also live on other animals, such as cats and rodents. Dogs with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to developing ringworm. This includes to puppies, senior dogs, and dogs with other underlying health conditions. Dogs that live in crowded, unsanitary conditions also have an increased risk.
Diagnosis
A ringworm diagnosis in dogs can be challenging as the symptoms can look the same as other skin issues. Your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical exam and will recommend diagnostics.
Some examples include:
Treatment
Treatment for ringworm in dogs typically involves a combination of topical and oral medications. Topical treatments are applied directly to the affected area to kill the fungi and reduce itching and inflammation. This could include sprays, creams/ointment and antifungal shampoos. Oral medications may also be prescribed to help eliminate the infection. Examples of these include terbinafine, ketoconazole, or itraconazole.
It's important to note that treatment for ringworm in dogs can be lengthy and may need several weeks to even months of medication. Infected dogs may need to be isolated from other animals to prevent the spread of the infection. You also need to be wary of keeping yourself safe and when dealing with and medicating the infected area.
Prevention
Preventing ringworm in dogs involves taking several precautions to reduce the risk of exposure. These precautions include:
In conclusion, ringworm is a common fungal infection that can affect dogs of any age or breed. Early detection and treatment can help to reduce the risk of spreading the infection to other animals or humans. Pet owners should be aware of the symptoms of ringworm and take steps to keep their dogs healthy and free from infection. Ringworm is a scary term for any pet owner to hear. You always think it can't happen to you until it does! Make sure you rely on and trust your veterinarian to properly treat and care for your pet. Open and honest communication with your dog's healthcare team will ensure a speedy recovery.
If you are concerned about your dog’s skin health, the DIG Labs Health Check can help you monitor through taking photos. Through photos, you’ll receive tips and tricks for better skin health and recommendations on when to go to the veterinarian from the comfort of your home. Try it for free today!
]]>Have you ever had an itch that didn’t matter how much you scratched? Have you ever had a rash or sneeze attack after being in the garden or park? Well, you are more like your furry companion than you think!
They too deal with allergies but they often can’t tell us. So it is our job to know what to look for and when to take action to help our buddies “scratch that itch”.
Let’s talk about 3 things for each type of allergy: how to know when your pet is dealing with allergies, how are they diagnosed and, finally, what can we do to treat them.
Types of Allergies
To know when your pet is having allergies, we have to understand the types of allergies that are out there. There are 4 common types that you need to look for:
Fleas: Yes, fleas! It may sound cliché but remember, fleas are still a major cause of allergies in dogs. Fleas bite and their saliva causes itching anywhere from 15 minutes to 2 days after fleas bite your dog. Even if you have not seen fleas in your house or on your dog, fleas may still be the culprit, especially if they are not on monthly flea prevention. And yes, even if your dog “doesn’t go outside.” The reaction that a bite causes is called Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD) by veterinarians.
What to look for:
Signs of this are itching, irritation, loss of hair specifically around the hind end, base of the tail, thighs and belly. You may also see a flea or “flea dirt” along the back from the hind end through the shoulders. This brownish dirt is actually blood digested by the flea and left along the back. So yea, flea poop (gross)! If you have any of these, fleas should be up on your list to talk to the vet about, especially if your dog is not on a current flea preventative.
What to do:
If you have seen any of these things, talk to your vet about checking and treating for fleas. Flea treatments can range in duration from one month to three months and generally do a good job of keeping fleas at bay. Flea shampoos are a great supplemental treatment, especially when you have seen fleas actively on your pet. Your vet may also prescribe something to help with the itch when you start the preventative also. Some example of flea prevention include, Nexgard, Bravecto, and various monthly preventions that also include heartworm and tick prevention. Flea prevention is recommended yearly in many parts of the world, even during the cooler months.
It can be really tricky to get a flea infestation under control, despite using topical flea treatments on your pet. This is because fleas only hatch in warm conditions and often the eggs are found under furniture or in bedding. They may not hatch right away if conditions are not right so this is extra cleaning can be really helpful. They love dark areas in your home and especially where your pet sleeps. Here are some tips to improve
Another common, and frustrating allergy that our pets deal with is environmental allergies. Vets call this atopy. Atopy is one of the top reason for veterinary visits in the US. This is when something in their environment irritates their skin. This can be pollen, plant material, things in the air or even things in the home like dust mites. Most people know how frustrating and uncomfortable this can be! Any dog can be at risk for this, couch and passenger princess pets included. The air can bring in allergens through windows or carpet can harbor dust mites.
What to look for:
Just like any of the allergies, the signs can show up anywhere on the body but mostly itchiness, redness, scratching and hair loss is often found on the paws, face, arms and legs, belly and ears. Dogs will show signs of itchiness by shaking their heads and licking their paws too, not just by scratching and chewing. These allergies can be year-round but may be worse at some times of the year.
What to do:
Trying to find out what is causing this allergy can be frustrating. It may not be easy or even possible to figure it out. The key for these allergies is to try and help our buddies deal with the itch. Cleaning the house regularly, especially where they hang out the most, can help. Appropriate bathing, with calming shampoos once to twice a week can also help. Your vet may also be able to prescribe antihistamines or other medications to help with the itch and calm your dogs skin. Allergy injections, which can have a success rate of 70-80% in some dogs, are also a good thing to discuss with your veterinarian.
Another frustrating allergy to deal with can be from food. We may not be what we eat, but we may suffer from what we eat! This allergy is just what is sounds like, it most often comes from a specific type of protein in the food. Your pet may be allergic to a chicken protein or a beef protein or another type of protein in the feed. This can happen gradually. Even though your dog has been on their food for a long time without problems, that does not rule out a slow reacting food allergy.
What to look for:
This is an allergy that may or may not cause itchiness. This reaction can look like the others with redness, irritation, loss of hair and may or may not itch. The areas affected can be anywhere but often look like environmental allergies with areas like the paws, face, arms and legs, belly and ears affected. Food allergies can also look like gastrointestinal issues, such as diarrhea and vomiting.
What to do:
Your vet may suggest a diet trial. This includes a few months of eating ONLY a specific diet with hypo-allergenic or unique proteins. During these trials our fur babies cannot have treats, table scraps or access to anything from the trash or otherwise. If they improve from the trial after a few months, then that helps figure out the cause.
A less common type of allergy is contact allergies. Have you ever touched a plant and then later had welts, blisters, or a raised rash? That is very similar to what our furry buddies deal with. Contact allergies come from touching something irritating and within hours to weeks after, they have a skin reaction.
What to look for:
This can look like bubbles with fluid, redness and rash, or general irritation. It is most often on the parts of the body not protected by hair or fur. So that is the bottom of the paws, muzzle or abdominal area.
What to do:
These can be very irritating but typically go away after contact with the irritant is gone. The key to helping with these is trying to think what could the dog have come in contact with and also regular weekly bathing to help remove irritants. A common irritant can be the kind of bowl your dog eats and drinks from. Instead of plastic bowls, try either metal or ceramic bowls. Beyond this your vet may prescribe antihistamines or, occasionally, steroids to help remove the itch and calm the skin.
All of these allergies are frustrating to deal with but remember, our companions can’t deal with these on their own like we can. Knowing what to look for, when to go to the vet, and how to help our pets is the way to help them “scratch that itch” and feel comfortable as they share their lives with us! Using DIG Labs' rapid skin scan can help you monitor your pet’s skin while also receiving tips on what to do, anytime, anywhere.
]]>Stressing about an itchy dog? You’re not alone. Itchiness can be so frustrating for you and your pup. Not only are they frustrating, but they can also lead to skin irritations and even infections. Understanding the signs of itch and pinpointing a cause may be the best first step to reduce the itch.
What does itchiness look like?
When we think about an itchy dog, we usually think scratching with their paw. This isn’t always the case though. Sometimes we think a dog is just being cute, but they may be trying to tell us something. Some examples that your dog may be itchy include:
How much is too much itch?
Depending on your dog, their level of itchiness may change over time. This can all depend on their particular allergens, stress levels or medical history. For instance, dog’s with seasonal allergies may have worsened itchiness certain times of the year.
To understand if your dog is itching excessively, it’s important to know their baseline level of itch. The pruritus scale (Itch scale) is often used to help determine how itchy a dog is. The Pruritus Scale is typically scores from 0 (no itch) to 10 (extremely itchy). A moderately itchy dog might periodically scratch during the day and at night but not while they are distracted (eating, drinking or playing). While an extremely itchy dog may require restraint from itching.
By keeping track of your dog’s itch level, it may be easier to detect changes over time. This may help determine triggers at certain times of year or ingredients in foods or treats.
Why do dogs scratch themselves?
While it's normal for dogs to scratch themselves a bit, excessive scratching can be a sign that something's not right. There could be a variety of reasons why your dog is constantly scratching itself. Here are a few possibilities:
Flea Allergy Dermatitis
While some dogs may not be affected at all by a little flea bite, others can have a severe reaction. Flea saliva can be an allergen for some dogs, leading to intense itchiness. In severe cases, your dog may have hair loss over their lower back. With careful inspection, you may find flea ‘dirt’ or feces, which appear as little black specks.
Allergies
When scratching appears to be a common event for your pup, allergies may be the culprit. Dogs can experience environmental or food allergies. The specific allergens that affect your dog are unique to them. Environmental allergies often include molds, grasses, plants and dusts. Food allergies can involve protein sources, carbohydrates or even certain vegetables.
Although rare, dogs can develop rashes when they come into contact with certain products, such as pesticides or home cleaners.
Dry skin
Just like us, our dog’s dry skin can lead to itchiness and flaking. Dry skin can be caused by winter weather, fatty acid deficiencies, and certain medications. Your dog may lick or scratch at their skin to soothe the discomfort.
Infection
Your dog skin has a natural level of bacterial and yeast, called the normal skin flora. This normal skin flora do not cause issues unless there is an underlying skin disease or the immune system is suppressed. If the normal skin flora is not under control, overgrowth of bacteria or yeast can lead to an infection. Bacterial or fungal infections (yeast) can cause itching and scratching in dogs. If your dog has an infection, you may notice other signs such as redness, swelling, or discharge from the affected area.
Endocrine disorders
Endocrine issues such as Cushing’s disease (elevated cortisol) or Hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormones) can sometimes lead to chronic skin issues. A hormonal imbalance may lead to a poor coat, bald spots or recurrent skin and ear infections.
At-home remedies
It's important to identify the cause of your dog's scratching so that you can provide appropriate treatment. If you're concerned about your dog's scratching, it's a good idea to consult with a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
To help alleviate your dog's itchy and dry skin, here are some tips to try at home:
With so many possible causes to your pup’s itchiness, we know it can be difficult to know what to do when. To receive a free skin assessment and tips, try the DIG Labs Health Check. Simply submit a photo of the area of concern and you’ll receive expert feedback within 24 hours. Click here to get started!
]]>Are you worried your dog might have allergies? Allergies can be complex and unfortunately, quite common. According to a NationWide insurance survey, allergic dermatitis was the most common reasons for pets’ vet visits. Dogs can experience many different types of allergies, such as environmental allergies, food allergies, and acute allergic response. With each allergen, the signs can differ - from itchiness to vomiting. Understanding what an allergy is and the associated signs, may help bring you one step closer to understanding what is affecting your pup.
What is an allergy?
A dog experiences allergies when their immune system over-reacts or is hypersensitive to a certain substance (allergen). Often times, allergens can be from insects, plants or grasses, or foods.
Allergens can be inhaled or absorbed through the skin, respiratory tract, or gastrointestinal tract. The immune system may see this allergen as an intruder. If this happens, it will tag the substance with antibodies. This tag will alert the immune system next time your dog is exposed to that same allergen (also known as an antigen). With the next exposure, the antibody and antigen react with mast cells, leading to the release of histamine and other substances. These substances cause the allergic response with redness, swelling, and itchiness.
Types of allergies
Flea or insect bite allergies
While many dogs will show only minor irritation from insect bites, some dogs’ immune systems may over-react to the bite or sting of insects. Flea allergy dermatitis is one example of an insect allergen in dogs. Some dogs are so sensitive to the saliva of fleas that they can cause excessive hair loss near their tail.
Environmental allergies
Environmental allergens, such as dust, pollen, grass, and mold, can cause an allergic reaction. Dogs with environmental allergens often show signs around 1 to 3 years of age.
Often, environmental allergens are seasonal, leading to itchiness during certain times of year. However, there are some environmental allergens, like molds and dust mites, that may stick around all year. Some dogs may start with seasonal allergies but progress to non-seasonal allergies, with signs all year round.
Dogs with environmental allergens may chew their paws or scratch their ears and are more prone to skin infections. These can also affect their muzzle, face, legs, underarms, and groin.
Food Allergies
Dog with food allergies may develop a hypersensitivity to a particular ingredient in their food. This can be any ingredient, including protein, carbohydrate or even vegetables.
Dogs with food allergies may experience signs all year round or when they are fed the ingredient. Dogs may be itchy around their ears, feet, and their abdomen. Some dogs may even lick around their hind-end. With food allergies, your pup may experience chronic ear or skin infections.
Dogs with food sensitivities can also show digestive issues. You may notice vomiting, diarrhea or persistent loose stool, or gassiness. If they are unable to properly digest their food, due to the intolerance of specific ingredients, they may also lose weight.
Typically dogs with food allergies begin to show signs between 6 months and 3 years of age. However, dogs of any age may show signs if they are exposed to an ingredient that doesn’t sit well with them.
Acute allergic reactions
Acute allergic reactions, or anaphylaxis, can occur in dogs just as it does in people. Vaccines and bee stings are two examples of potential anaphylaxis reactions for dogs. With acute allergic reactions, a dog may experience itching, hives, facial swelling, excessive drooling, vomiting, and diarrhea. In more severe cases, the dog will have difficulty breathing. These reactions can be very severe for some dogs, and can be potentially fatal if left untreated. Luckily, these reactions are rare in dogs.
If your dog experiences the signs of an acute allergic reaction, no matter how severe, consult with your veterinarian.
Symptoms of Allergies
The symptoms of dog allergies vary depending on the cause, but some general signs to look out for include:
Red itchy skin
Dogs with allergies often scratch, lick, or chew at their skin excessively, which can lead to redness, swelling, and irritation. Their ears may also be affected, leading to itchy ears or chronic ear infections. Watch out for other signs of itchiness
Rash or hives
Allergic reactions can cause a rash or hives to appear on the skin, which may be accompanied by swelling and redness. With allergic reactions, you may see swelling of the face, ears, eyelids, or lips.
Sneezing and coughing
Dogs with allergies may experience respiratory symptoms such as sneezing and coughing. They may also show signs of congestion in their nose. However, if your dog is coughing, it’s important to get them checked by your veterinarian, as coughing can indicate other illnesses.
Watery eyes
Allergies can cause a dog's eyes to become red, swollen, and watery. This can lead to excess eye discharge. If you notice any signs of discharge or redness, take a closer look. It’s easy to be fooled by their cuteness when they paw their eyes or rub then against you.
Vomiting and diarrhea
Allergic reactions can cause digestive symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea. With acute allergic reactions, vomiting may occur very suddenly. With food intolerances, vomiting, diarrhea or persistent loose stool may occur more regularly after your pup consumes a certain protein source or ingredient. Paying attention to when your dog has digestive troubles may help you find the cause.
Note: Dogs can have severe anaphylactic reactions, just like people. Signs can include itching, hives, a swollen face or muzzle, excessive drooling, vomiting, and diarrhea. In more severe cases, dogs may have trouble breathing and show a blue color on their tongue and gums. If your dog is experiencing any of these issues, contact your veterinarian immediately.
If you suspect that your dog has allergies, it is important to speak with a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment. To give your dog a voice between non-emergent vet visits, try the DIG Labs Health Check. The DIG Health Check app performs a FREE 10-second health check to analyze a photo of your dog’s stool, skin, and more. Click here to try.
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Have you noticed your dog chewing their paws more than their toys? Grooming and licking away debris is one reason for dogs to lick their paws and can be completely normal. However, if your dog is paying a lot of attention to their paws, you may want to as well.
Signs of Excessive Paw Grooming
If your dog is grooming their paws constantly, and you have to try to distract them to stop, this would be considered excessive.
You may notice other signs such as:
Causes of Irritated Paws
Irritated paws can occur suddenly (acute) or can be a long-term issue that lasts weeks or more and might reoccur after treatment (chronic).
Injuries
Dogs may lick their paws all of a sudden if they experience an injury. With injuries, dogs will often try to soothe the area through licking, and may become defensive if you attempt to help. Some examples of injuries include:
Infections
Your dog skin has a natural level of bacterial and yeast, called the normal skin flora. This normal skin flora do not cause issues unless there is an underlying skin disease or the immune system is suppressed. If the normal skin flora is not under control, overgrowth of bacteria or yeast can lead to an infection. For example, Malassezia pododermatitis involves an overgrowth of yeast on their paws. Yeast infections can cause very itchy paws and lead to brownish discharge around their nail beds, leading to very itchy paws. With excessive licking, you may also notice some redness and brown discoloration in between their paws.
Allergies
Chronic paw grooming that extends for weeks or more is often related to allergic skin disease. Allergies can involve environmental or food allergens.
Allergic skin disease often leads to itchiness (pruritus), excessive licking and chewing of their skin. With constant licking comes irritation, and disruption of the normal skin flora. This can cause bacterial or yeast infections, which exacerbate their itchiness.
Pain In older dogs, pain due to arthritis in the foot or the limb may cause them to lick their paws. If the pain is associated with arthritis or injury to a joint, you may also notice them slowing down or limping. Sometimes even general pain elsewhere in the body may cause excessive licking. Through the release of endorphins, licking their feet may comfort them rather than point to the location of their pain.
Boredom, stress and anxiety
Many dogs experience separation anxiety or have a lot of pent up energy. They may self-soothe to relieve themselves with the release of dopamine and endorphins.
Dogs may also chew at their paws if they have parasitic infestations (fleas, mites, ticks or hookworm), growths or abscesses irritating their paws or even endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism, Cushing’s disease). With so many possible causes, it’s important to thoroughly check your dog’s paws and seek out veterinary support as soon as possible.
Monitoring your dog’s paws
Checking your dog’s paws when they don’t have any issues will help you pick up on any changes. It’s always important to look at their nails, nail beds, paw pads and in-between their toes (on the fronts and underneath their paws). Look for any signs of injury, irritation, foreign objects, or growths.
Always consult your veterinarian if your dog is excessively licking, chewing or biting their paws to determine the cause. This is especially important if it starts unexpectedly, persists for long periods of time or they experience swelling, redness, odor, hair loss, or limping. Treating early is important as excessive licking can lead to secondary infections or lick granulomas.
At-home remedies
Depending on the cause of your dog’s paw concerns, there are some at-home remedies that may help:
If your dog is continuing to chew at their paws, it is best to discuss the issue with your veterinarian to identify the cause and provide appropriate treatment.
Keeping an eye on your dog’s paws regularly and their baseline level of itch is important, as this can change day-to-day. To receive a free skin assessment and tips, try the DIG Labs Health Check. Simply submit a photo of the area of concern and you’ll receive expert feedback within 24 hours. Click here to get started!
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Constipation in dogs can be described as difficulty passing stool or the inability to pass stool. While constipation is usually easy to reverse, there may be situations where it can indicate a more severe problem.
Some common signs of constipation in dogs include:
If your dog is experiencing constipation, you may find that they strain to pass stool. Straining can be normal if it doesn’t commonly occur or if it only lasts a short period. However, if your dog strains for an unusually long time, he may be constipated.
It is important to note that straining can also occur with large intestinal diarrhea.
Sometimes your dog may go 24 hours without passing stool. This may be unusual for them, but there is no need to worry right away. Instead, you’ll just want to keep an eye on it. If your dog cannot pass stool after 48 hours, this would be the time to check in with your veterinarian.
If feces stay in the colon for prolonged periods, they may become too hard and compacted for your dog to pass on their own. This is referred to as obstipation and usually requires a veterinary visit to remove the impaction.
If your dog feels constipated or has trouble passing stool, they may whine when trying to go. If they yelp in pain, it may be a good idea to have them checked over by your veterinarian. This may indicate constipation, but there could also be another health issue like a urinary issue, joint issue, or muscle issue.
The stool may appear hard and dry, almost pellet-like. This occurs because more water is drawn from the stool the longer it sits in the colon.
If your male dog is experiencing an issue where their prostate has become enlarged, the feces may appear more ribbon-like. This occurs because of the compression on the colon, causing the stool to become flattened.
Straining can sometimes lead to irritation of the small vessels around the anus. This can cause a small amount of bright red blood to appear in the stool. This should resolve once your dog no longer has trouble passing stool.
Your dog may seem a bit under the weather. For example, if they are constipated, they may have some abdominal discomfort or pain that makes them not feel like doing much. They may have lower energy and lower appetite as well.
In more severe cases of constipation, your dog may vomit. This will usually only occur if constipation has been going on for a longer period or some other underlying medical condition. If your dog is vomiting and has constipation, it may be best to call your veterinarian for further advice.
While we don’t always focus on our dog’s pooping habits, it’s a good idea to check up on it every once and a while, especially if they ‘go’ unattended. You will be able to catch any signs of constipation early and might even be able to fix the issue for your dog.
Causes of constipation can be described as intraluminal or extraluminal. This refers to the inside of the colon or the lumen of the colon.
Other causes of constipation include:
This table provides some examples of the intraluminal, extraluminal and intrinsic causes of constipation in dogs.1
Intraluminal |
Extraluminal |
Intrinsic |
Too little fiber |
Enlarged lymph nodes that surround the colon |
Nerve damage that affects the nerves or muscles of the colon |
Dehydration |
Enlarged anal sacs |
Hypothyroidism |
Foreign material that is difficult to digest, causing an obstruction (fur, bones, cloth, etc.) |
Enlarged prostate |
Spinal cord lesions |
Reluctant to defecate (due to stress or pain) |
Tumor compressing the colon |
Abnormalities in electrolytes (low potassium or elevated calcium) |
Stricture |
||
Pelvic fractures or injury that may cause the pelvis to become more narrow |
||
Tumor causing partial or full obstruction |
If your dog has started to show early signs of constipation within the past 24 hours or so, you may be able to provide them some support from home. Early interventions can help prevent constipation from getting worse.
These are also important things to consider when you want to prevent constipation in your dog!
If your dog experiences constipation that lasts for more than 24-48 hours, you should let your veterinarian know so they can advise you further. Obstipation (impacted feces) can occur if your dog can’t pass feces for an extended period. Obstipation can be very painful for your dog and can progress to something called megacolon. Megacolon refers to dilation of the intestines due to the impacted feces. With megacolon, the colon will then not be able to function correctly to remove the feces. Both of these situations will require veterinary care to remove the feces.5
You should also see your veterinarian if your dog appears to have recurring bouts of constipation, as this may be a sign of an underlying problem. Your veterinarian will be able to perform a thorough physical exam and some necessary tests and radiographs to look for a cause.
Your veterinarian will be interested in knowing some details about your dog’s diet and health history. They may ask you certain details that are relevant to your dog’s constipation. For example:
If at-home remedies don’t help your dog’s constipation, there are a few options available for your dog that your veterinarian may recommend. Your veterinarian may begin by recommending a diet change or certain supplements. If there is no improvement, common treatments include laxatives, enemas or manual removal of feces. Your veterinarian will be able to advise the best option for your dog depending on their clinical signs and history.
Laxatives or stool softeners may be recommended by your veterinarian. While many human laxatives can be used in dogs, it is best to wait until discussing with your veterinarian before using one of these. There are also specific formulations made for animals (such as Lactulose) that are often prescribed.
In more severe or chronic cases, hospitalization may be necessary. Fluids may be needed to correct dehydration or enemas and manual removal may be needed. Enemas should only be done by your veterinarian. If an enema is unable to resolve the issue, manual removal might be necessary. This is a more invasive procedure that may require your dog to be put under anesthesia and may require a few attempts to remove all feces.5
Early intervention might help you to avoid these more invasive procedures. If your dog is experiencing minor signs of constipation, give some of these recommendations a try. But, constipation can become worse within a couple of days (and can be quite uncomfortable for your pup), so it is always best to reach out to your veterinarian if things aren’t improving!
Giardia is the most common intestinal parasite in dogs and is even more prevalent in puppies. For example, between 0.44% and 39% of shelter dogs have positive giardia test results.1 A recent study also found that over 70% of dog parks tested positive for giardia!
It's difficult to know if your dog has giardia because it's not a worm, so it's not visible to the human eye. Giardia is a protozoan, which simply means it is a single-cell organism like bacteria. It's different from bacteria because it is larger and contains more cell structures, making it more related to plants and animals.
The lifecycle of giardia has two stages: trophozoites and cysts. Trophozoites are mature parasites. These live in the small intestine and multiply to develop into cysts. Cysts, the infective stage, are shed in the feces of the infected animal. These little buggers are robust and can survive for several months in the environment! They especially enjoy damp conditions, particularly water sources.
Dogs can become infected by eating or sniffing the cyst stage of the parasite. The cysts may be ingested through fecal-contaminated water or food. It may even be spread when dogs groom fur contaminated with feces. Giardia is especially common in doggie daycares, boarding facilities, and dog parks.
If your dog is susceptible to giardia, the cyst will develop into a trophozoite within the intestines. If large numbers are present, damage to the intestines may lead to clinical signs.
Although giardia doesn't always cause problems, when it does, it can lead to serious illness. It affects your pet's ability to absorb nutrients, water, and electrolytes, which may lead to diarrhea. Puppies, senior dogs, or dogs with weak immune systems are most susceptible to severe infection. In these pets, giardia can lead to severe weight loss and sometimes can be fatal in extreme cases.3
Diagnosing and treating giardia is a challenging feat because cysts aren't shed in every stool. So, dogs can have giardia-free stool samples even though they are infected. This is because the trophozoites can die off after 30 minutes of defecation. Because giardia is difficult to detect, your vet may ask for fresh stool samples over 5-7 days to confirm giardia infection. The fecal sample should be fresh (not refrigerated) and recently collected to prevent death or distortion of giardia.
There are a few tests that can be performed to detect giardia. Giardia is undetectable by standard fecal floats, so zinc sulfate solutions are used instead. Zinc sulfate has a lower specific gravity than the sugar solution used in worm detection. This test allows the heavy giardia cysts to rise to the top for an accurate diagnosis. Your vet may also recommend tests that look for giardia-specific antigens (proteins).4
If your dog has diarrhea, it is always best to call your veterinarian. Depending on the severity of your pet's clinical signs, the veterinarian will likely perform a thorough exam and recommend fecal tests.
There is currently no FDA-approved treatment for giardia treatment in dogs. A common veterinary remedy is the off-label prescription of metronidazole for giardia in dogs for 5-8 days, but this treatment has 50% efficacy.5 Your veterinarian may also recommend using Drontal Plus® for 3 days or Panacur® for 3-5 days.6 In more severe cases, your pooch might need fluid therapy if they are dehydrated or have extreme diarrhea.
When Giardia cysts are found in the stool of healthy pets without signs of disease, it is often considered a transient finding. Since medications like metronidazole can cause side effects and disrupt the normal gut flora, treatment in these cases can be controversial. Also, more than 65% of dogs that were treated for giardia were still positive after treatment. But, it isn't known how long Giardia antigens survive in feces after treatment. Overall, many vets agree that dogs should not be treated with more than two courses of medication if it is unsuccessful.1
There are options for a more natural approach to treatment, particularly in animals without clinical signs. Probiotics may help by limiting giardia's ability to attach to the intestines.7 They also can help stimulate the immune response. There are natural probiotics, like fermented veggies or ready-made supplements. Lower fat, higher fiber diets can also help control clinical signs of giardia because they are easily digestible. Higher fiber has also been found to help clear giardia in lab animals so may help in our pets as well.8
In older animals or puppies, giardia can lead to fatal diseases, so it should not be left untreated. If your pup needed treatment, they might seem better, but they will require extra tests. Giardia likes to linger sometimes so your vet will want to make sure it has resolved. They may recommend 2-3 fecal float tests 2-4 weeks post-treatment to ensure the treatment worked.9
As you can see, there are many options in the diagnosis and treatment of giardia. It may feel overwhelming so it is important to always discuss these options with your veterinarian to ensure you are making the most informed choice for your pet.
Giardia infections can never be avoided, but there are ways that you can help protect your pup!
If your dog is on a treatment protocol for giardia, we recommend bathing your dog on the last day to reduce the risk of re-infection. Bathing will remove any cysts that remain on their fur.
Giardia can affect people. Although possible, the transfer rate from giardia in dogs to humans is rare.1 Usually, the type of giardia that affects people is A and B, whereas types C and D affect dogs. Yet, there is still a risk for people handling dog's stool when their dogs are affected. This is especially true for young children, the elderly, and immune-compromised individuals.
Even though the risk is low, washing your hands after picking up your dog's poop is always a good idea! Wearing gloves while gardening can also help prevent any chance of infection. Environmental hygiene is also important. For example, chlorine bleach and quaternary ammonium compounds can effectively kill giardia cysts in your home.
If you are worried your dog may have a parasite, check with your vet about the best next step. We also highly recommend using the DIG Labs Digestive Health Check app or the rapid intestinal parasite test to regularly monitor and track your dog’s poop!
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Cause of diarrhea |
Description |
Dietary indiscretion |
Dogs may get an upset stomach from something they’ve recently eaten. This can be a new food or related to eating something they shouldn’t have, like garbage or spoiled food. |
Change in diet |
Dogs need time to adapt to a new diet as any abrupt change in food or treats may lead to an upset stomach. |
Stress or environmental changes |
Dogs may get diarrhea after experiencing new environments or stressful situations. This includes vet visits, grooming or doggy boarding. |
Food intolerance |
Sometimes your dog may not be able to process certain ingredients in their diet. This can lead to discomfort and diarrhea.
Processed foods, grains and legumes may be associated with food intolerance. |
Food allergies |
Some dogs may be allergic to certain types of proteins or other ingredients. This can lead them to have diarrhea and vomiting.
Some dogs may also show signs of skin disease. In this case, they may scratch, lick at their belly or feet, or have chronic ear or skin infections. |
Parasite infection |
|
Viral infection |
|
Bacterial infection |
· Salmonella*: can occur with eating raw eggs or inappropriately stored or spoiled foods
|
Poisonous substances/toxins |
Lead, persin (sources include avocado skin and pits) and certain household plants (azaleas and rhododendrons) can cause diarrhea in your pet. |
Indigestible substances/ foreign bodies |
Socks, toys or other foreign objects may get stuck in your dog's gut. This can cause a partial obstruction which can lead to diarrhea. |
Enzyme deficiency |
Enzymes help your pet digest certain substances. Without certain enzymes, they may struggle to digest things. This can cause chronic weight loss and diarrhea. |
Illnesses |
Kidney or liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease and cancer may cause diarrhea. |
Medications and Vaccines |
|
*These infections can be transmitted to people, especially young children, the elderly or immune compromised individuals.
As gross as it might be, being able to describe your dog’s stool in detail can help your veterinarian. Knowing the frequency, urgency and volume of the diarrhea can help point the vet to where the problem might be within the gastrointestinal tract. It is also important to look for signs of straining, mucus or the presence of blood. (The DIG Labs Digestive Health app was specifically designed to help your veterinarian during episodes of dog diarrhea.)
The color of the blood is also helpful. Bright red or frank blood occurs with large intestinal diarrhea. This is often seen when your dog strains to pass stool. Dark (tar-like) stool is a sign of digested blood. This can occur with small intestinal diarrhea or ulcers. If your dog has dark black stools, contact your veterinarian for further guidance.
The table below shows the differences between small and large intestinal diarrhea:
Sign |
Small Intestine |
Large Intestine |
Frequency of Stools |
Normal |
More frequent |
Volume of Stools |
Large volume |
Small volume |
Urgency of Movements |
Not usual |
Usually seen |
Mucus Presence |
Not usual |
Frequently seen |
Blood Presence |
Dark black |
Bright red |
Straining |
Not usual |
Common |
Weight Loss |
May be seen |
Not usual |
Stool color may also provide a bit more detail and help you determine what is causing your dog’s diarrhea2.
Health concerns, especially diarrhea in dogs, are frustrating. Preparation and information can enable your veterinarian to better help you and your dog. A few things your veterinarian will want to know include any photos of your dog’s stool along with potential thoughts on the cause of diarrhea. This includes any new treats they may have had or any recent human foods that they may not be familiar with. If your pet enjoys chewing on things they shouldn't, like socks or toys, it may be important to let your veterinarian know. These are the usual culprits for partial obstructions in your dog's gut that can lead to diarrhea. It will also be important to mention any medications and supplements your pet takes regularly or has recently started.
Conservative treatment may be enough if your pup is otherwise healthy and happy. This may include withholding food for a short period of time or providing small amounts of bland diet throughout the day. A digestible prescription canned food or a home-cooked diet of boiled meat and rice may be recommended. Withholding food or providing a bland diet allow your dog’s gut to rest and normalize.5 Water should always be available to ensure proper hydration. Once the stool becomes more normal, your dog can be slowly transitioned back to their regular diet. This is done by mixing increasing amounts of their regular diet with the bland diet over a few days. It is always important to slowly change your pet’s food to avoid gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea. Learn how you can treat your dog’s diarrhea at home. If your dog’s diarrhea persists despite conservative treatment or if they have other signs of feeling ill (low energy, low appetite, not drinking, vomiting, pale gum color), it is best to contact your veterinarian for help.
There are various medications that are often prescribed for diarrhea, but these depend on an individual dog’s clinical signs.4
Most cases of diarrhea usually resolve with the use of a bland diet or additional oral medications. Some cases of chronic diarrhea may need life-long treatment and special prescription diets. With severe diarrhea, dogs can experience dehydration and electrolyte imbalances5. In these cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide fluid therapy and more intensive treatment.
Most of our dogs’ gut microbiome can be found in the intestines.1 The small intestine is home to a broad diversity of bacteria, while the large intestine only is home to anaerobic bacteria1 – or those that can only grow and survive without any oxygen present.
When scientists discuss bacteria, we often classify them into taxonomic groupings, based on the bacteria’s structure or function. Genus and Phylum are two examples of taxonomic groupings. Phylum is broader than genus. When it comes to gut health, there are three main bacteria phyla: Fusobacterium, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes and within each, dozens of genuses.1 Each of these phyla serve a special and unique role when it comes to breaking down the various macronutrients in your dog’s food –fats, proteins and carbohydrates - and digesting each of them into appropriate micronutrients that can be absorbed by the body.
Interestingly, when your dog consumes more of one macronutrient than another, their microbiome changes to accommodate the function needed to create viable micronutrients for the body. For example, when there is an abundance of carbohydrates in a dog’s diet, the bacteria that thrive on carbohydrates can flourish, and then constitute a relatively larger percentage of the microbiome compared to other bacteria that rely on fats or proteins. These carb-loving bacteria will happily consume these carbs, since this is their main source of energy. In other words, their metabolic activity (their way of creating energy) relies on that specific macronutrient in some way.2 All macronutrients are necessary to create a balanced, complete diet. Carbohydrates are essential during times of high energy needs such as growing as puppies, gestation periods, and during lactation.3
Taking the diet-specific comparison one step further, let’s talk two specific canine dry-food diets: a low-carbohydrate and high-carbohydrate diet [for reference, according to published literature, the minimum nutritional protein requirement for dogs is 18% and a maximum of 29%.]3. Li et al.4 established that indeed, in a low-carb diet, there was in an increase in specific bacterial genuses (Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae) and a decrease in others (Erysipelotrichaceae, Veillonellaceae, and Lactobacillaceae). Interestingly, this study also showed that there was a higher ratio of Bacteroides: Prevotella. Inversely, with a high-carb diet, there as an increase in Bacteroides and Firmicutes phyla as well as a 4.6x increase in Prevotella than in the low-carb diet. There was also a higher ratio of Bacteroides: Firmicutes phyla in the HCLP diet.
Prevotella is a member of the Bacteroidetes phylum, with many species. It is an anerobic, single-cell, non-motile bacteria that lives in our dog’s gut. As discussed above, Prevotella has shown to have a strong association to the levels of carbohydrates in a diet, especially those derived from plants.4 This is because the purpose of Prevotella is to help breakdown complex carbohydrates, present in fruits and veggies. This species can breakdown tough fibers like xylan in plants (like the grass our dogs are bound to eat) but also simple sugars like glucose. Prevotella is also associated with different types of chronic digestive ailments. For example, it is sometimes observed that a decrease in Prevotella can accompany a gastrointestinal disease. This decrease of bacterial species reduces the energy source (short chain fatty acids) for the cells in the colon.
Scientists at DIG Labs are learning how to use Prevotella as a biomarker for carbohydrate load in a dog’s diet. This is important because, despite dog parents’ best attempts to balance a diet, carbs can sneak in, through treats, table scraps and more, and create a macronutrient imbalance, especially when there is a weight management or chronic condition being managed.
As discussed, in the high-carb diet, overrepresentation of carbohydrate digestion and absorption and absorption of minerals was shown. This finding indicates that the changes in abundance of the happy bacteria in the gut microbiome are capable of transforming the carbohydrates that they’re ingesting, which increases the availability of minerals, and promotes absorption in the large intestine.4 Bacteria that feast on carbohydrates (or ferment them) may produce a compound called butyrate when breaking down fiber into glucose, a simple sugar molecule that can be readily absorbed by the body. In addition to prevotella, firmicutes are also known to have high carbohydrate fermenting power.
Other bacteria can be proteolytic. Proteolytic bacteria refer to those that produce proteolytic enzymes which are enzymes that break the bonds in protein molecules into amino acids that can be used for energy. Examples of proteolytic bacteria include bacteroides and proteobacteria2.
While the dog gut microbiome is still being extensively researched, we do know the basics. Our dogs’ genetics, age, breed, weight, activity levels, and diet affect their gut microbiome composition. Most commercial kibble brands are relatively high-carbohydrate (and therefore low protein), due to the limitations of dry food manufacturing, so we tend to see higher levels of Prevotella, Clostridium, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae species in the gut microbiome. While these bacteria are great at fermenting all those carbs that our dogs are consuming to meet their energy needs, it may also be an indicator of a macronutrient imbalance. Importantly, Prevotella is a versatile bacterium that can break down molecules both complex and simple. Knowing how your dog’s diet affects their microbiome and their body overall will allow you to make more tailored decisions on what you feed them.
References
So how do we help balance the gut microbiome so that they can get their jobs done properly? With prebiotics and probiotics.
Prebiotics are the meal of choice for probiotics! Simply put, prebiotics are ‘eaten’ by probiotics in our intestines.4 They are carbohydrates or fibers that help regulate the digestive tract by both firming up loose stool or relieving constipation. But how can they do both? Fiber can actively moderate water content in the digestive tract, absorbing the excess water from loose stool or adding water in the case of constipation. Fiber is fermented near the end of the digestive tract, creating nutrients called short chain fatty acids (SCFA). SCFAs have antibacterial properties that help restore probiotic balance and relieve diarrhea.
Our prebiotic of choice is pumpkin because it’s so readily available when unforeseen issues arise! Pumpkin is surely a powerhouse food, rich in soluble fiber to help regulate bowel movements and are packed with both Vitamin A and Vitamin C, which are antioxidants. Just make sure that when you’re purchasing pumpkin puree, that it’s pure pumpkin and not pumpkin pie mix. Other sources of prebiotics include oats, beets, chicory root, flaxseed, sweet potatoes, and apples.5
Probiotics are the good bacteria that help maintain a balanced digestive tract. “To produce against pathogens, probiotics will produce a number of natural antibodies designed to reduce the populations of pathogenic bacteria...”6 These bacteria help reduce the population of the bad bacteria and increase the digestibility of micronutrients like calcium, zinc, and potassium. Another great benefit to probiotics is that they help to replenish the bacteria lost when antibiotics are taken. Antibiotics typically wipe out all of the bacteria (good and bad) in the gut and with the help of probiotics, the good are restored! Probiotics depend on your dog’s stomach acidity and diet, so what probiotics take root in your dog’s belly are different than your neighbors’ dogs. The bacteria classified as probiotics must be able to convert some of the sugars our dogs consume into organic acids that will be used by the GI tract to prevent growth of bad bacteria.
Where do you find probiotics? The most common sources of probiotics are capsules or powder supplements as well as natural food sources, specifically fermented dairy products like fermented milk, buttermilk, soy milk, cottage cheese, sour cream, and more.7
If you go the supplement route, it’s important you know what you’re looking at when reading the label. First, probiotic supplements are measured in colony forming units (CFU) – this is the number of sustainable cells. Most supplements contain between 1 to 10 billion CFU, though some go as high as 50 billion and beyond.8 Just because there are more CFU, does not mean that they will work better overall. Because probiotics are living organisms, during their life on the shelf or travels through your dog’s acidic digestive tract, many of the bacteria die and are no longer effective, hence the CFU in the billions. Even though some bacteria may not survive, others will and can take home in our dog’s digestive tract where our dogs can reap the benefits.
Probiotics is a broad term to describe the good bacteria that normally live inside our guts. There are many different groups, called families, and within these groups there are even specific types of bacteria, broken down into genus and species. The bacteria are grouped by how similar their characteristics are, physiologically, morphologically, metabolically, ecologically, and even molecularly. You’d be surprised how similar some of these bacteria are but are somehow still different genera and even further broken down into species by their differences.
Some common genera of probiotics include8:
Each group of probiotics is unique and have been studied to understand their unique role and how they actually benefit the gut. Some bacteria produce antimicrobial substances like lactic acid, while others inducing mucus production so that pathogens can stick to the gut wall lining. While each has their own specific job, we are excited to share more about these specific probiotic groups soon, diving deeper into what exactly they do for our dogs: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Euryarcheota.
Our dog’s microbiota are key players in their general health, impacting not only their gut health but also their immune health. Whether you decide to incorporate just probiotics into their diet, or both prebiotics and probiotics is up to you. Prebiotics (fiber) feed the probiotics (good bacteria) in order for Fido’s gut to fight off the bad bacteria as well as keep them regulated. As pet owners, we have become way too familiar with our dog’s poop. We recommend using the free DIG Labs Health Check app to conveniently and accurately capture, monitor, and share any stool changes with your veterinarian.
References
Let’s take a quick journey through a dog’s digestive system in order to better understand where the food that we’re feeding helps or hinders their health, performance, and even happiness.
The Anatomy of a Dog’s Digestive System
At its most basic, a dog’s digestive system is one long, continuous tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus. However, what the digestive system does is anything but basic. Each part has its own specific functions with the end goal of breaking food down into digestible pieces that are absorbed into the bloodstream and taken to various parts of the body.
Once your dog’s large intestine has gleaned all the nutrition and fluid that it can from the food that they ate, it moves through the end region called the rectum and through the anus into the world as poop. If you’re unhappy with your dog’s poop, try upping their fiber. Fiber is almost a miracle food as it works to alleviate both watery poop and constipation by firming up bowel movements.
Dog Digestive System Process
If you’ve ever wondered why your dog’s propensity to poop is much more frequent that your own, it’s because food moves through their digestive system much more quickly. While food may sit four to eight hours in the stomach, compared to 30 minutes in humans, it takes only a couple of hours to move through the intestines, compared to our 20-30 hours in us. This is also why your pup is more willing to settle for once or twice a day feeding and you may crave constant snacks.
The proof is in the poop. Your dog’s poop is like a storybook about their digestive tract. Any variation in color, texture, frequency, or scent can alert you of any gut troubles. Getting familiar with your dog’s poop isn’t gross, it should be seen more as a way of helping out your best friend.
Conclusion
The gastrointestinal tract is really where it’s going on in your dog’s body. It is what turns dog food into a walk in the park, a game of fetch, a healthy heartbeat and a fresh pile of poop. What you feed your dog’s GI will determine how efficient and smoothly this system works, and how healthy and happy your dog feels for years to come.
Monitor your dog's digestive health with the Health Check App! By using Health Check you’ll have a convenient, accurate history archive for managing Fido’s digestive health (and hopefully prevention in the future!). Understanding frequency along with detailed visuals (color, consistency, mucus presence, and more) will help both you and your veterinarian get to know your dog better.
As dog owners, we’ve become very familiar with what’s considered “normal” for our dog’s poop to look like. So when the alarm bells are sounding, something is definitely up. Good news – not all blood is a cause for the “code-red emergency vet” visit. Here are some tips for how to make the decision.
There are two different types of blood in dog stool: hematochezia and melena. Hematochezia is fresh blood, occurring in the large intestine or rectum, which is why it is a bright red color. Hematochezia can be mixed into the dog stool itself or you could see a few solo blood droplets. This bright red blood may also be accompanied by mucus, either streaks or covering the poop. With this type of bleeding, the poop can range from soft and formed, to watery diarrhea.1,2
Melena, on the other hand, is a dark, tarry blood that can appear jelly-like. This type of bleeding occurs in the upper gastrointestinal tract including the esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine where it has had time to be digested in the large intestine, giving it the dark appearance. Typically, the poop is formed with no diarrhea if melena is present unless it is that whole jelly consistency. The poop can appear shiny and sticky as well with melena present.1,2
You are probably wondering, why is my dog pooping blood? The reasoning behind blood in your dog’s poop is because the lining in the gastrointestinal tract is allowing more substances to cross its’ barrier like various fluids, electrolytes, and blood. This allowance occurs due to some type of stressor, whether that be an infection, trauma, or allergy. Some common causes of blood in poop are listed below.1,2
Hematochezia (Bright Red Blood) |
Melena (Dark and Tarry Blood) |
Parasites: hookworms, whipworms, roundworms, coccidia, giardia |
Parasites: hookworms, whipworms |
Inflammatory diseases: IBD, IBS |
Inflammatory diseases: IBD, IBS |
Food Allergy |
Clotting disorders |
Colitis |
Ulcers |
Trauma |
Tumors |
Anal sac infections/impactions, including streaking from anal fissures |
Foreign bodies or trauma |
Toxins |
Kidney failure |
Parvovirus |
Toxins |
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis |
Addison’s disease |
Cancer |
Liver disease |
|
Pancreatitis |
|
Hormonal imbalance |
|
Reaction to anti-inflammatory medications - NSAIDS |
Most of the causes for blood in dog stool involve an infection of some sort, but they can also have melena from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs are prescribed to dogs for pain, inflammation, and fever relief. Some common NSAIDs are: Dermamaxx®, Doxidyl®, Previcox®, Galliprant®, Onisior®, and Rimadyl®, amongst others.3 While these drugs can be great to relieve discomfort in dogs, they can cause vomiting, decreased appetite, and diarrhea. NSAIDs can become trapped in the stomach and irritate its lining due to their slightly acidic composition, directly causing side effects. NSAIDs can also block the action of prostaglandins, which are responsible for controlling fever, pain, and inflammation as well as protecting the stomach and intestinal wall linings. When less prostaglandins are produced, a dog’s digestive system is more susceptible to ulcers and other damage which causes bleeding and diarrhea3 As always, if you notice any side effect occurring after beginning use of any medications, please consult your veterinarian.
While seeing blood in your dog’s poop may be alarming, it’s not always a cause for an emergency vet visit. Always consult your veterinarian if you notice blood, or anything strange, in your dog’s stool for over 24 hours. Knowing what specific type of blood that you’re seeing and if it’s caused by the medication your pup is on can be extremely helpful when making the call to your vet, helping to eliminate other possibilities.
Still concerned? Submit a photo for a digital stool scan. Free, on-demand support. Anytime.
Resources:
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If loose stool is the only symptom you’re observing, try our top 5 home remedies for acute diarrhea:
1. Try a short term fast
Since dog’s have a relatively short digestive tract[1], limit your dog’s intake of food in order to give their digestive system a break. By forgoing the next meal (or two) you give your dog’s digestive tract the ability to settle and recover from potential irritants. Don’t worry about Fido skipping a meal or two – intermittent fasting is actually beneficial (similar to humans!) and many dogs may self-restrict their eating!
2. Limit GI stressors
Rich, fatty foods or new treats may cause digestive upset for some dogs who are accustomed to a less varied diet or have a particularly sensitive stomach. Swapping your dog’s normal meal for a bland diet of boiled protein and rice may help in overcoming their tummy troubles. When feeding a bland diet, feed ¾ of their meal rice and ¼ protein such as chicken or lean ground meat. Remember not to include any skin, bones, spices, and butter or oils. Homemade chicken and rice should only be fed temporarily, around 2-5 days, then their normal diet can be slowly reintroduced. It should not become the standard meal for your dog either since it will lack vital micronutrients and isn’t a balanced diet needed for long-term vitality.
Environmental stressors such as a loud noise, a new animal, or even just new surroundings may be causing your dog’s stomach to act up (ever feel queasy before giving a big presentation?). Though it may be challenging or even impossible to limit environmental stressors providing calming music (we love classical piano and Bob Marley!) or limiting space to a covered crate may help to ease the transition.
3. Ensure your dog is hydrated and getting ample water
Diarrhea can easily dehydrate your dog, especially if she’s young, so it’s important to ensure that even if you’re limiting her food intake that she has ample access to fresh, clean water. A few tips on avoiding dehydration in dogs here.
4. Offer natural remedies to help firm stools
Canned plain pumpkin. Adding a teaspoon or tablespoon of pure canned pumpkin puree to a bland diet boosts your dog’s fiber intake, and can help to manage liquid absorption during the digestive process. Be careful not to get pumpkin pie filling or mix by accident or puree with added salt – only 100% pure pumpkin.
Slippery elm bark can be helpful in soothing loose stool, especially if mucus is present as well, as it’s known to fight inflammation and protectively coat the stomach[2]. Similar to the other natural remedies, you can mix slippery elm bark in with your dog’s meals or give separately (about 1 teaspoon per 20 lbs of body weight). Since slippery elm bark helps coat the stomach, it should not be given within 2 hours of administering medication.
5. Chat with a FREE Expert.
Use the free DIG Labs Health Check app to monitor and share with your vet
By using Health Check you’ll have a convenient, accurate history archive for managing Fido’s diarrhea resolution (and hopefully prevention in the future!). Understanding frequency along with detailed visuals (color, consistency, mucus presence, and more) will help both you and your veterinarian resolve this issue.
If you observe other accompanying symptoms such as vomiting, regurgitation, abdominal pain or distention, weakness, lethargy, abnormal behavior, etc. be sure to also keep a detailed log for your veterinarian.
Though there are a wide variety of triggers for dogs with diarrhea, if the situation becomes a chronic issue it’s critical to consult with your veterinarian to determine the underlying reason that is causing this stressful symptom. Additional tools, such as fecal tests, visual and endoscope inspection, blood tests, and more, will help to guide identifying the culprit and determining a solution[3].
We are also strong supporters of incorporating a broad-spectrum probiotic into canine healthcare routines in order to promote microbiome diversity and contribute to overall immunity and resilience. Learn more about the benefits of probiotics for dogs.
References:
[1] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bdd.2510160502
[2] https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/slippery-elm
[3] https://www.merckvetmanual.com/digestive-system/digestive-system-introduction/the-digestive-system-in-animals
Giardia in Dogs
You may have heard the name before, but what is giardia? Giardia is the #1 most common intestinal parasite that can affect your dog and is even more prevalent in puppies. In fact, between 0.44% and 39% of shelter dogs have positive giardia test results.1 Although possible, the transfer rate from giardia in dogs to humans is rare. Our dogs can become infected with giardia by eating the cyst stage of the parasite, through fecal-contaminated water or food, or by self-grooming if their fur is contaminated with feces. Once ingested, giardia is deposited in the small intestine where it attaches to the intestinal wall and cause symptoms. Giardia symptoms in dogs, include diarrhea and malnutrition.
Diagnosing and Treating Giardia in Dogs
Diagnosing giardia may be difficult since the cyst stage of the parasite is shed in feces sporadically. Vet techs will use a zinc sulfate solution during fecal flotation, which has a lower specific gravity than the sugar solution used in worm detection and does not distort giardia under the microscope. The lower specific gravity allows for the heavy giardia cysts to rise to the top for an accurate diagnosis. Typically, your veterinarian will require multiple fresh stool samples over a period of 5-7 days to fully confirm giardia infection. It’s important when taking these poop samples to your veterinarian that the samples have not been refrigerated and have been collected within a half hour period to prevent death or distortion of giardia.
There is no current drug that is FDA-approved for giardia treatment in dogs. Treating giardia in puppies is costly and takes weeks of follow-up appointments to confirm that it is no longer present. A common veterinary remedy is the off-label prescription of metronidazole for giardia in dogs for 5-8 days, but this treatment has 50% efficacy.1 Like intestinal worm infections, your veterinarian may recommend using Drontal Plus® for 3 days or Panacur® for 3-5 days for the treatment of giardia.1 Prevention of giardia is vague. When your dog is undergoing treatment, make sure that they’re receiving baths to remove any fecal debris or giardia parasites. As with any parasitic infection, it’s important to clean up your dog’s poop after defecation. Giardia is not the only intestinal protozoan that you should be aware of, coccidia are also common in dogs.
Coccidia in Dogs
Coccidia is another type of intestinal protozoan group that your pup may acquire, and puppies are most likely to get it. Coccidia in puppies ranges from 3-38% presence in North America.2 Depending on the species of coccidia, depends on if they are zoonotic and can be transmitted to us as well as our dogs. Puppies can become infected with coccidia by eating the infective cysts present in soil, grass, etc. or by eating the intermediate hosts such as rodents and rabbits. Coccidiosis in puppies causes inflammation of the small intestine, causing loose stool to watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia, and weight loss.
Diagnosing and Treating Coccidia in Dogs
As with the other intestinal parasites, coccidia is generally diagnosed by fecal flotation using zinc sulfate solution like when diagnosing giardia. Along with the results of the fecal flotation, your veterinarian will also consider your pup’s history and clinical signs. Upon a diagnosis, there is only one treatment label approved for the intestinal inflammation associated with the coccidia infection: sulfadimethoxine for 5-20 days depending on severity of infection.1 Another option your veterinarian may prescribe is ponazuril, which is a fairly new drug.1 To prevent coccidia in puppies, it’s important to clean up your dog’s poop immediately after defecation and to thoroughly clean the kennels, blankets, and beds with high levels of ammonia to effectively kill the cysts.
Comparison of common intestinal parasites in dogs: worms, giardia, and coccidia
There are various types of dog parasites, especially intestinal worms in dogs. Please refer to the table below for a comparison between the main types of intestinal parasites in dogs.
|
Roundworms |
Hookworms |
Whipworms |
Tapeworms |
Giardia |
Coccidia |
Geographic Hot Spots
*these parasites are found everywhere* |
WA, MT, IN, SD, KY, MS, WV, PA, DE, and VT
|
Southeastern U.S. *Thrive in humid, warm climates*
|
OK, MS, AR, MO, TN, and KY |
Upper Midwest/Great Lakes Region |
Western U.S., Northeast U.S.
|
NJ, OH, PA, MO, MN, LA, IA |
How do they get it? |
Eating parasite eggs |
Eating parasite eggs; skin penetration; from mom’s milk or while pregnant |
Eating parasite eggs |
Eating infected intermediate host (flea, rabbit, fish, etc.) |
Eating cysts |
Eating cysts |
Common areas where found |
Outdoor dogs |
Outdoor dogs |
Shelters |
Parks, kennels, shelters |
Parks, kennels, shelters, breeding facilities |
Parks, kennels, shelters |
Symptoms |
Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation |
Black tarry stool, anemia |
No symptoms or stool with mucus or blood |
Diarrhea, weight loss, vomiting |
No symptoms or diarrhea |
Loose stool to watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, anorexia |
Diagnosis |
Fecal flotation |
Fecal flotation |
Fecal flotation |
Fecal flotation |
Fecal flotation |
Fecal flotation |
Treatment |
Drontal Plus, Panacur, Heartguard, Interceptor, Iverhart Max, Sentinel, or Trifexis |
Drontal Plus, Panacur, Heartguard, Interceptor, Iverhart Max, Sentinel, or Trifexis |
Drontal Plus for one day or Panacur for 3 days |
High dose of praziquantel for 2 days |
Metronidazole for 5-8 days, Drontal Plus for 3 days, or Panacur for 3-5 days |
Sulfadimethoxine for 5-20 days |
Prevention methods |
Pick up poop immediately; thoroughly clean kennels, beds, and blankets |
Pick up poop immediately; thoroughly clean kennels, beds, and blankets |
Pick up poop immediately; thoroughly clean kennels, beds, and blankets |
Pick up poop immediately; thoroughly clean kennels, beds, and blankets |
Pick up poop immediately; thoroughly clean kennels, beds, and blankets |
Pick up poop immediately; thoroughly clean kennels, beds, and blankets with high levels of ammonia |
With so many different types of intestinal parasites that can affect your dog, it’s important to seek the advice of your veterinarian on prevention methods. Prevention is your best bet against a costly, time-consuming, and stressful treatment plan against parasites.
Learn more about Our Research and sign up to be notified of our non-invasive research projects.
References
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However, once you grasp the main areas of a dog food label, you can piece them together to make more informed decisions for your dog’s health. Dog food labels don’t say everything and are far from ideal, but are a good starting point and EVERY pet parent should be able to generally understand them for the health of their dog.
Being able to decipher the differences when comparing dog food labels will help you decide which food to choose for your dog. So, how do you read a dog food label?
To begin, you can look at the product name, which will give you some immediate clues about the food, specifically as it relates to protein amounts.
After the product name, these are three main pieces of information to triangulate:
A. How to calculate and compare guaranteed analysis panels
The required guaranteed analysis is usually presented in the form of a table, detailing the overall macronutrient composition. Learn more about the process approach here. One important limitation, however, is that it doesn’t say anything about the quality of the nutrients.
Quantitative details are provided in the dog food’s guaranteed analysis:
The guaranteed analysis details figures which are calculated on an ‘as fed’ basis, which means two products cannot be directly compared. To do this, you will need to convert the figures into a ‘dry matter’ basis, which isn’t as tricky as it sounds.
If you look at a wet food tin, it may say that the moisture content is 80%, which means the dry matter content is 20%. If the protein level says it is 8% on an as fed basis, you can then calculate the protein on a dry matter basis by the simple calculation: 8/0.20 = 40% protein on a dry matter basis.
Equally, if you wanted to compare a dry food to this, where the moisture content was 10% (and therefore the dry content was 90%), and the protein level was 28%, the calculation would be: 25/0.90 = 31% protein on a dry matter basis.
So, comparing the two, the wet food has a higher protein content on a dry matter basis.
Worksheet for Guaranteed Analysis Math:
|
Example |
Food A: |
Food B: |
Food C: |
Starting Base: As Fed Basis |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
- Less Moisture |
- 10 |
|
|
|
New Base: Dry Matter Basis |
= 90 |
|
|
|
Crude Protein |
24 / 90 = 26.6% |
|
|
|
Crude Fat |
12 / 90 = 13.3% |
|
|
|
Crude Fiber |
4 / 90 = 4.4% |
|
|
|
Ash |
6 / 90 = 6.6% |
|
|
|
Estimated Carbohydrates |
100 – 26.6 – 13.3 -6.6 = 53.5% |
|
|
|
B. How to decipher ingredients lists
If ingredients are the first thing you look at on the packaging, you’re not alone. Over half of people surveyed agreed that the ingredients were the most important factors in selecting a food.
Dog food ingredients lists are primarily there to appeal to consumers. Even if the list looks delicious, it doesn’t actually speak much about the nutritional value of the food or quality of ingredients. To determine quality, it’s better to inquire into what protocols they have in place for sourcing and processing their raw ingredients. For example, the beef in one product isn’t necessarily of the same quality as the beef in another product. Also, a long list of ingredients may be super appealing, but keep in mind that the more ingredients in the list, the more quality control needed and any ingredients listed after salt typically are less than 1% of the recipe.
The ingredients are required to be listed in descending order of weight according to the FDA though it is not specified when in the process the weight should be noted. In many cases, manufacturers will choose to calculate this prior to processing in order to be able to include water weight. In this case, a meat protein is usually first, but some meat can be up to 70% water weight. Therefore, it doesn’t necessarily mean that the majority of the protein comes from that ingredient.
Meat meal, on the other hand, has had the water and fat extracted out of it. This means it is a super-concentrated protein ingredient and can contain over 300% more protein than the equivalent weight of the fresh meat. However, meat meal will be considerably lighter than fresh meat, and therefore will be placed much further down the ingredients list than the fresh meat.
You may also see ‘meat by-product’ in the ingredients list, which isn’t an immediate cause for alarm depending on the manufacturer. It is a common misconception that this always includes the nasty or low quality parts, and therefore has an overarching negative stigma. However, the AAFCO definition of a by-product allows bone and organs to be included, which do have nutritional value. In many premium foods, you will see these get listed out individually to avoid misjudgement.
C. How to understand dog food feeding charts and calories
All dog foods will have feeding directions by either weight (e.g., grams) or volume (e.g., 1 cup) on their packaging, but these are simply guidelines. Every dog is unique in her daily calorie requirements with factors like body weight, metabolism, activity level, age, breed, and more playing a factor. In addition to calculating calorie requirements, you should regularly observe your dog’s body condition: you should be able to feel your dog’s ribs to the touch, see a waist, and see a round, not flat, back.
Important Note: Calories can vary greatly across foods, even if they are only a different recipe of the same brand. For example, one cup of chicken recipe could provide 434 kcal versus one cup of beef recipe could provide 576 kcal (illustrative only). Please make sure you are feeding for your dog’s calorie requirements – a food scale could be a good investment. The feeding instructions are usually given in weight of food per pound of body weight. Tip: once you’ve weighed the food, pour it into a cup and mark the level. This way you can use this to scoop (volume) in the future.
If you are wondering how much to feed a puppy, this is when it gets a little more complex. Puppy feeding directions are usually presented as a chart. You will have to estimate the adult weight of your puppy, and read down the column until you get to the age in months of your puppy. This will give you the amount you should be feeding. As your puppy gets older, you will need to adjust this amount, and if you have a mixed breed puppy, you might need the help of your veterinarian to judge how big he could grow up to be.
Practical Next Steps
As you can see, labels unfortunately aren’t as straight-forward as we’d like. They’re a great starting point to understand dog food and treats, but don’t just take them at face value. If there is something you want to know, call the company. If they are truly for improving your dog's quality of life, they will answer you! You have the power to manage your dog’s health and that begins with making sure what goes in them is high-quality.
We also highly recommend to rotate across a variety of foods (types, brands, recipes, etc.). Not only will your dog appreciate the novelty, but diversifying and providing things in moderation allows for not too much of any one thing.
]]>Through our research at DIG Labs, we’re learning more and more how dog stool offers a window into dog health. The most common colors and frequent reasons are:
Brown dog poop – Healthy dog poop ranges in shades of brown due to the bile produced by the liver.[1] Bile is generally yellow or greenish in color and is produced to help digest fats. As bile travels through the digestive system, it turns brown in color by the time it is expelled. Brown dog poop indicates working digestive tracts, even if the consistency is less than ideal!
Yellow dog poop – Yellow dog poop is a frequent indication that food has taken a faster journey through the digestive tract than normal. This may also be accompanied by softer consistency or even a bit of mucus. Causes for an accelerated trip through the GI tract include the introduction of new foods, ingredient intolerance or sensitivity, or even just a bit more stress the usual. Yellow dog poop is also observed by diets containing poultry or high corn content. In addition to all-over yellow dog poop, bimodal dog poop coloring (brown on the outside and yellow on the inside) is a normal result of poultry diets.
Black dog poop or Dark – Some dogs naturally have very dark brown stool. However, any dog stool (or vomit) that is black, tarry, or has a coffee-ground appearance can be an indication of bleeding in the stomach or small intestine and warrants a veterinary visit as soon as possible. Dogs that are given anti-inflammatory medications, like NSAIDS, are at higher risk for ulceration or bleeding in the bowel.[2]
Red dog poop or Blood – As a caregiver, anything remotely reddish can send off alarm bells even if only for a second. Before panicking, check the color of blood in dog stool for more insight into what’s going on. Notice bright red blood in your dog’s poop? This isn’t always necessarily a cause for concern and should be evaluated alongside other attributes like consistency and coating. During the digestive process one of the last steps is processing through the large intestine, which is where bright red blood (called hematochezia) originates. In contrast, dark red blood, referred to as melena, warrants further evaluation, since a darker red originates in the small intestine and indicates digested blood.
Green dog poop – Green dog poop or a green hue is often caused by fresh fruits and veggies in your dog’s diet or from eating grass[3] Other causes for green poop could range from artificial coloring pigments in treats to ingesting non-toxic crayons. Though not common, bright green poop can be an indication that a dog ingested rodent bait or poison and other symptoms should be noted such as lethargy, weakness, or presence of blood. If this is a possibility emergency veterinary care is the best next step.
White dog poop – White dog poop is most commonly observed in raw fed dogs or when higher than usual bone or calcium has been consumed. White dog poop may also be hard and crumbly in consistency.
As with all things related to your dog, it’s important to note that you should monitor your dog for frequency and severity of any concerning episodes or symptoms.
Still concerned? Submit a photo for a digital stool scan. Free, on-demand support. Anytime.
[1] Watson, Brenda. Natural Pet Care for Dogs. 2018.
[2] Morgan, Judy. From Needles to Natural. 2014
[3] Watson, Brenda. Natural Pet Care for Dogs. 2018.
]]>When thinking of the digestive system, we typically think of vomit, urine and poop. However, mucus, the unsung hero of digestive excrements, is the least understood of them all, and plays a pivotal role by:
Mucus layer (yellow) protects the intestinal finger-like villi to regulate exposure to nutrients, and minimize pathogen invasion.
If you’re reading this article, chances are you’ve seen a slimy poop from your dog and are wondering – what is that coating and why is it there?
In this article, we will discuss the role of mucus – how it works, why it’s important, and when to be concerned.
Digestive mucus is a secretion comprising over 98% water. Resembling a clear, shiny goop, slime, or coating, it can be found in the stomach and intestines and sometimes make its way out of the GI tract during a bowel movement.
Mucus can be thought of as the body’s special interpreter between the outside world and the internal environment. Mucus decides what can contact the lining of the digestive tract, and what will get “trapped.”
When you see a mucus-coated stool, it could be an indication that the body has identified an irritant or a germ, and is trying to flush it from the body. This may happen very early in an infection, or with a diet change. In this case, the body detached its mucus layer to be excreted. This is an example of the body’s first immune response kicking into gear. Good news – not all mucus-stool is a cause for a veterinarian appointment. Typically, one or two bowel movements of coated, otherwise healthy-looking poop is an indication that the mucus has done its job. Mucus that is persistent or accompanies either extremely hard or watery stool could be a sign of digestive distress, and you should consider consulting a veterinarian. Be sure to take a photo if possible.
Luckily, mucus does its job well 99.99% of the time – ensuring our dogs stay safe, healthy and protected. Sometimes, however, mucus can let some pathogens through – causing diarrhea, discomfort, bloating, and more.
Unfortunately, some pathogens can outsmart mucus. For example, E.coli can reside beneath the inner mucus layer, protecting it from clearance and excretion. These types of pathogens effectively break through the mucus barrier by cutting their way through the dense gel, and then nestle into the small intestine. This is why bacterial pathogens can be so troublesome – the body has a really hard time battling and flushing these types.
Mucus is essentially the intestine’s ultimate bodyguard – it allows enough exposure of nutrients, vitamins and minerals to the intestinal lining to maintain optimal health, while defending against invaders. Also, mucus is providing a happy home to the microflora (the good bacteria) that aid digestion.
Because of the fleeting properties of this super-substance, our understanding of mucus still leaves much to be desired. At DIG Labs, we are developing proprietary methods to characterize mucus visually, and deploy AI-based tools to define associations between mucus and nutrition. Learn more about this and other discovery projects here.
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